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Least fresh constructors in the Modern Era

Freshness Factor™ rewards grids with unique or unusual words, and downgrades grids with many common entries. Constructors here are listed by their average freshness. Sunday and Rebus puzzles are excluded from these calculations. Constructors need at least 10 qualifying crosswords.

This is not a measurement of crossword quality. Many of the most memorable NYT puzzles have low Freshness scores.

Sidney L. Robbins
Sidney L. Robbins
Kurt Mengel
Kurt Mengel
Gregory E. Paul
Gregory E. Paul
Randall J. Hartman
Randall J. Hartman
Robert Dillman
Robert Dillman
Adam G. Perl
Adam G. Perl
John Greenman
John Greenman
RankNameAvg. FreshnessStalest grid
1.Sidney L. Robbins 4.3Monday, November 29, 1993
2.Kurt Mengel 5.2Monday, January 12, 2004
3.Gregory E. Paul 5.3Monday, February 2, 1998
4.Randall J. Hartman 5.4Tuesday, August 16, 2005
5.Robert Dillman 8.8Monday, June 7, 1999
6.Adam G. Perl 9.5Wednesday, May 24, 2006
7.John Greenman 9.7Monday, January 12, 1998
8.Gail Grabowski 9.9Tuesday, December 16, 2008
9.Norma Steinberg 10.2Monday, September 24, 2001
10.Nancy Kavanaugh 11.5Tuesday, September 28, 2004
11.Stephanie Spadaccini 13.3Monday, March 17, 1997
12.Janet R. Bender 13.6Wednesday, June 19, 2002
13.Sheldon Benardo 13.8Monday, July 6, 1998
14.Robert Zimmerman 13.9Tuesday, February 1, 1994
15.Sarah Keller 14.7Tuesday, August 21, 2001
16.Daniel Kantor 15.0Thursday, September 27, 2018
17.Randy Sowell 15.9Thursday, April 28, 1994
18.Andrea Carla Michaels 16.0Monday, September 19, 2022
19.Carolyn W. Stewart 16.2Monday, July 13, 2009
20.Jonathan Schmalzbach 16.4Monday, October 17, 1994
21.Lynn Lempel 17.6Monday, September 25, 2006
22.Richard Silvestri 18.1Wednesday, March 30, 2005
23.Arthur S. Verdesca 18.3Wednesday, January 19, 2000
24.Bill Ballard 18.8Monday, June 5, 2000
25.Nancy S. Ross 18.8Wednesday, November 24, 1993
26.Tom McCoy 19.9Wednesday, February 3, 2016
27.Richard Hughes 20.5Monday, August 28, 2000
28.Peter Gordon 20.7Tuesday, June 5, 2001
29.Greg Staples 21.4Wednesday, June 21, 2000
30.Michael Blake 22.0Monday, August 25, 2008
31.Patrick Jordan 22.1Wednesday, June 26, 1996
32.Jay Kaskel 23.0Tuesday, August 2, 2022
33.Nancy Salomon 23.4Monday, May 22, 2000
34.Richard Chisholm 24.2Wednesday, October 10, 2001
35.Holden Baker 24.4Monday, October 10, 2005
36.Stanley Newman 25.3Monday, August 28, 2006
37.Daniel Bodily 25.4Monday, July 8, 2024
38.Roy Leban 25.9Tuesday, July 8, 2003
39.Jules P. Markey 26.4Tuesday, March 12, 2019
40.Mel Taub 26.4Wednesday, April 25, 2001
41.Fred Piscop 27.0Wednesday, March 2, 2016
42.Kevin Christian 27.5Monday, November 3, 2025
43.Mark Elliot Skolsky 27.7Tuesday, April 9, 1996
44.Lee Glickstein 28.3Wednesday, February 23, 2005
45.Oliver Hill 28.7Tuesday, October 2, 2007
46.Kelly Clark 29.0Thursday, April 30, 1998
47.Freddie Cheng 29.4Tuesday, January 30, 2024
48.Bernice Gordon 29.5Monday, July 2, 2012
49.Kevan Choset 30.3Tuesday, April 25, 2006
50.Gene Newman 30.5Monday, August 14, 2006
51.Eric Bornstein 30.6Wednesday, May 4, 2022
52.Ethan Cooper 30.6Monday, May 17, 1999
53.Michael S. Maurer 30.8Wednesday, December 27, 2000
54.Ed Early 31.2Tuesday, July 29, 2003
55.Elizabeth A. Long 31.2Thursday, July 17, 2008
56.Dan Schoenholz 31.4Tuesday, February 12, 2013
57.Cathy Allis 31.6Thursday, January 9, 1997
58.Trent H. Evans 31.6Monday, November 4, 2019
59.Susan Gelfand 32.3Monday, November 3, 2008
60.Norman S. Wizer 32.4Monday, November 21, 1994
61.Alan Arbesfeld 32.7Monday, February 5, 2018
62.Neville Fogarty 32.7Tuesday, May 30, 2017
63.Victor Barocas 32.8Wednesday, May 14, 2014
64.Michael Torch 33.1Monday, March 21, 2005
65.Gary Cee 33.4Monday, April 24, 2017
66.Lou Sabin 33.4Monday, September 13, 1999
67.Zhouqin Burnikel 33.9Monday, June 4, 2018
68.Gareth Bain 34.2Monday, August 13, 2012
69.Patrick Blindauer 34.6Monday, June 23, 2008
70.Amanda Chung 34.6Wednesday, July 29, 2020
71.Karl Ni 34.6Wednesday, July 29, 2020
72.Jacob Stulberg 35.1Wednesday, May 20, 2015
73.Frances Hansen 35.6Tuesday, October 10, 2000
74.Fran Sabin 36.9Monday, September 13, 1999
75.Wayne Robert Williams 37.4Wednesday, January 3, 1996
76.John Underwood 37.6Thursday, May 23, 2002
77.Allan E. Parrish 38.0Monday, July 1, 2002
78.Michael Vuolo 38.1Monday, July 26, 1999
79.Evan Kalish 38.5Monday, April 13, 2020
80.Lois Sidway 38.5Wednesday, March 1, 1995
81.David Kwong 38.7Thursday, April 18, 2024
82.Tracy Gray 38.7Wednesday, November 3, 2010
83.Bruce Venzke 40.0Wednesday, May 23, 2007
84.Bruce Haight 40.9Tuesday, April 18, 2017
85.Rebecca Goldstein 41.3Monday, February 7, 2022
86.Emily Carroll 41.4Monday, April 24, 2023
87.Jeffrey Wechsler 41.6Tuesday, March 3, 2009
88.Raymond Hamel 41.8Monday, June 19, 2006
89.Ross Trudeau 42.1Tuesday, March 31, 2020
90.Aimee Lucido 42.1Tuesday, May 28, 2019
91.Mike Buckley 42.3Monday, August 17, 2009
92.Daniel Raymon 42.3Tuesday, July 2, 2013
93.Jim Hilger 42.4Thursday, May 20, 2010
94.Patrick Merrell 43.0Monday, October 12, 2015
95.Edward Sessa 43.0Tuesday, October 16, 2018
96.Harvey Estes 43.3Monday, September 30, 2002
97.Michael Lieberman 43.4Monday, March 1, 2021
98.Elizabeth C. Gorski 43.5Tuesday, August 24, 1999
99.Margaret Seikel 43.7Monday, September 26, 2022
100.Stella Zawistowski 43.8Monday, October 23, 2023
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